Chú thích Traianus

  1. ↑ Justian Bennett, Trajan: Optimus Princeps, 2nd Edition, Routledge 2000, 12.
  2. ↑ Edward Gibbon, The history of the decline and fall of the Roman Empire, Tập 1, trang 6
  3. 1 2 3 4 C. R. H. Wildfeuer, Trajan - Lion of Rome: The Untold Story of Rome's Greatest Emperor
  4. 1 2 Cassius Dio Cocceianus, Dio's Roman history, trang 373
  5. 1 2 David Corson, Trajan and Plotina, Bìa trước
  6. 1 2 3 Louis Crompton, Homosexuality & Civilization, các trang 105-106.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Will Durant, Caesar and Christ: A History of Roman Civilization and of Christianity from Their Beginnings to A.D. 325, trang 415
  8. ↑ Nelson, Eric (2002). Idiots guide to the Roman Empire. Alpha Books. tr. 207–209. ISBN 0-02-864151-5. 
  9. 1 2 Derek Edward Dawson Beales, Enlightenment and reform in 18th-century Europe, trang 75
  10. ↑ Nancy Mitford, Voltaire in love, trang 101
  11. ↑ Julian Bennett, Trajan: optimus princeps: a life and times
  12. 1 2 3 Julian Bennett, Trajan: optimus princeps: a life and times, trang IX
  13. ↑ Augustan History, Life of Hadrian 2.5–6.
  14. ↑ Bernard W. Henderson, "Five Roman Emperors" (1927).
  15. ↑ F. A. Lepper, "Trajan's Parthian War" (1948).
  16. ↑ Julian Bennett, Trajan: optimus princeps: a life and times, trang 113
  17. ↑ Will Durant, Caesar and Christ: A History of Roman Civilization and of Christianity from Their Beginnings to A.D. 325, trang 299
  18. ↑ Will Durant, Caesar and Christ: A History of Roman Civilization and of Christianity from Their Beginnings to A.D. 325, trang 307
  19. 1 2 Julian Bennett, Trajan: optimus princeps: a life and times, trang 240
  20. ↑ Julian Bennett, Trajan: optimus princeps: a life and times, trang 59
  21. 1 2 Edward Gibbon, Henry Hart Milman, The history of the decline and fall of the Roman Empire, Tập 1, trang 6
  22. ↑ “De Imperatoribus Romanis”. An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Emperors. Truy cập ngày 8 tháng 11 năm 2007. Because the Dacians represented an obstacle against Roman expansion in the east, in the year 101 the emperor Trajan decided to begin a new campaign against them. The first war began on 25 March 101 and the Roman troops, consisting of four principal legions (X Gemina, XI Claudia, II Traiana Fortis, and XXX Ulpia Victrix), defeated the Dacians. 
  23. ↑ Julian Bennett, Trajan: optimus princeps: a life and times, trang 10
  24. ↑ “De Imperatoribus Romanis”. An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Emperors. Truy cập ngày 8 tháng 11 năm 2007. Although the Dacians had been defeated, the emperor postponed the final siege for the conquering of Sarmizegetuza because his armies needed reorganization. Trajan imposed on the Dacians very hard peace conditions: Decebalus had to renounce claim to some regions of his kingdom, including Banat, Tara Hategului, Oltenia, and Muntenia in the area south-west of Transylvania. He had also to surrender all the Roman deserters and all his war machines. At Rome, Trajan was received as a winner and he took the name of Dacicus, a title that appears on his coinage of this period. At the beginning of the year 103 A.D., there were minted coins with the inscription: IMP NERVA TRAIANVS AVG GER DACICVS. 
  25. ↑ Julian Bennett, Trajan: optimus princeps: a life and times, trang 215
  26. ↑ “De Imperatoribus Romanis”. An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Emperors. Truy cập ngày 8 tháng 11 năm 2007. However, during the years 103–105, Decebalus did not respect the peace conditions imposed by Trajan and the emperor then decided to destroy completely the Dacian kingdom and to conquer Sarmizegetuza.he died 
  27. ↑ Julian Bennett, Trajan: optimus princeps: a life and times, trang 104
  28. ↑ Nathan Ausubel, David C. Gross, Pictorial history of the Jewish people; from Bible times to our own day throughout the world, trang 204
  29. ↑ Julian Bennett, Trajan: optimus princeps: a life and times, trang 179
  30. ↑ Julian Bennett, Trajan: optimus princeps: a life and times, trang 198
  31. ↑ Luttvak, Grand Strategy, 110
  32. ↑ Julian Bennett, Trajan: optimus princeps: a life and times, trang 241
  33. 1 2 Bennett, Trajan, 200
  34. 1 2 Julian Bennett, Trajan: optimus princeps: a life and times, trang 203
  35. ↑ Nathan Ausubel, Book of Jewish Knowledge, trang 435
  36. ↑ Will Durant, Caesar and Christ: A History of Roman Civilization and of Christianity from Their Beginnings to A.D. 325, trang 414
  37. ↑ Julian Bennett, Trajan: optimus princeps: a life and times, trang 206
  38. 1 2 Julian Bennett, Trajan: optimus princeps: a life and times, trang 217
  39. ↑ Will Durant, The Story of Civilization III: Caesar and Christ, trang 408
  40. 1 2 Julian Bennett, Trajan: optimus princeps: a life and times, trang 325
  41. 1 2 3 4 5 Julian Bennett, Trajan: optimus princeps: a life and times, trang XVI
  42. ↑ Will Durant, Ariel Durant, The age of Voltaire: a history of civilization in Western Europe from 1715 to 1756, with special emphasis on the conflict between religion and philosophy, trang 347
  43. ↑ David Fraser, Frederick the Great: King of Prussia, trang 63
  44. ↑ Nathan Ausubel, Superman: the life of Frederick the Great, trang 346
  45. ↑ Theodor Schieder, Frederick the Great, trang 170
  46. ↑ Giles MacDonogh, Frederick The Great, trang 185
  47. ↑ Giles MacDonogh, Frederick The Great, trang 350
  48. ↑ Robert B. Asprey, Frederick the Great: the magnificent enigma, trang 116
  49. ↑ David Fraser, Frederick the Great: King of Prussia, trang 141
  50. ↑ Pierre Gaxotte, Louis XV, trang 280
  51. ↑ Julian Bennett, Trajan: optimus princeps: a life and times, trang 254
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